A Tuple is an immutable collection of ordered items.
Items in the tuple can be of any type, including mixed types within the same tuple: strings, numbers, dictionaries, lists, sets, objects, tuples, ...
Tuples allow duplicates.
Items of tuples can be accessed by position (0-based indexing).

Creating basic lists:

Use parentheses (()) to create a tuple.
Use commas to separate items in the tuple. x = (0, 1, 2, 3) print(type(x)) # Output: <class 'tuple'> print(x) # Output: (0, 1, 2, 3) print(x[1]) # Output: 1

Tuples with one item:

# must use the comma after the single element of the tuple y = (0,) print(y) # Output: (0,) # alternative syntax for single-item tuple y = 0, print(y) # Output: (0,) # missing the comma will create an object that is not a tuple not_a_tuple = (10) print(not_a_tuple) # Output: 10 print(type(not_a_tuple)) # Output: <class 'int'>

Empty tuples:

y = () z = tuple() print(f'{y} - {len(y)}') # Output: () - 0 print(f'{z} - {len(z)}') # Output: () - 0

Nested tuples:

y = (0,) z = (x, y, 'a') print(z) # Output: ((0, 1, 2, 3), (0,), 'a')

Immutability:

If you try to modify a tuple you get an error:
# Raises TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment x[0] = 3

Tuples packing and unpacking:

# packing x = 1, 2, 3 # equivalent to x = (1, 2, 3) print(x) # Output: (1, 2, 3) # unpacking a, b, c = x print(a) # Output: 1 print(b) # Output: 2 print(c) # Output: 3

Indexing:

Accessing elements using square brackets with zero-based indexing:
x = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D') print(x[0]) # Output: A print(x[1]) # Output: B print(x[-1]) # Output: D print(x[-2]) # Output: C

Slicing:

Extract parts of a tuple:
x = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) # [i:j]: slice staring from index i, until j excluded print(x[2:4]) # Output: (2, 3) # [:i]: slice up to index i excluded print(x[:2]) # Output: (0, 1) # [i:]: slice staring from index i included, until last element of the tuple print(x[3:]) # Output: (3, 4, 5) # [::i]: slice staring from index 0, including every second element print(x[::2]) # Output: (0, 2, 4) # [::-1]: tuple with elements reversed print(x[::-1]) # Output: (5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)

Tuple built-in methods:

• Common operations:

  # count(ITEM) - returns number of occurences print(('A', 'A', 'B').count('A')) # Output: 2 # length print(len(('A', 'B'))) # Output: 2 # Min/Max/Sum (comparable elements) print(min((1, 2, 3))) # Output: 1 print(max((1, 2, 3))) # Output: 3 print(sum((1, 2, 3))) # Output: 6 # Concatenation print(('A', 'B') + ('B', 'C')) # Output: ('A', 'B', 'B', 'C') # Repetition print(('A', 'B') * 2) # Output: ('A', 'B', 'A', 'B') # Membership print('A' in ('A', 'B')) # Output: True print('A' not in ('A', 'B')) # Output: False
  

• Finding elements:

  # index(ITEM) - returns first index of item print(('A', 'A', 'B').index('B')) # Output: 2 # index(ITEM, START_INDEX) - returns first index of item starting from START_INDEX print(('A', 'A', 'B').index('A', 1)) # Output: 1 # index(ITEM, START_INDEX, END_INDEX) - returns first index of item between START_INDEX and END_INDEX print(('A', 'A', 'B').index('A', 1, 2)) # Output: 1
  

• Creating tuples:

  # from string print(tuple('AB')) # Output: ('A', 'B') # from range print(tuple(range(2))) # Output: (0, 1) # from list print(tuple(['A', 'B'])) # Output: ('A', 'B') # from set (reminder that sets are unordered) print(tuple({'A', 'B'})) # Output: ('B', 'A')
  

• Converting tuples:

  # to list print(list(('A', 'B'))) # Output: ['A', 'B'] # from set (reminder that sets are unordered) print(set(('A', 'B'))) # Output: {'B', 'A'}