See these pages for more details about Apache Hive:
https://hortonworks.com/apache/hive/
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+UDF

See these pages for more details about Apache Hadoop, PostgreSQL, MySQL installation:
Install Apache Hadoop
Install PostgreSQL (database)
Install MySQL (database)

$ sudo addgroup hive
$ sudo adduser --ingroup hive hive
$ sudo usermod -a -G hadoop hive

Download Apache Hive: https://hive.apache.org/downloads.html

Extract the file "apache-hive-3.0.0-bin.tar.gz" in the folder you want to install Hive: /opt/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin

$ sudo tar -xf ~/Downloads/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/
$ sudo chmod -R 755 /opt/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin
$ sudo chown -R hive:hive /opt/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin

Note: In the following sections, the environment variable ${HIVE_HOME} will refer to this location '/opt/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin'

$ su - hive

$ vi ~/.profile
export JAVA_HOME="/opt/jdk1.8.0_172"

export HIVE_HOME="/opt/apache-hive-3.0.0-bin"

export HADOOP_HOME="/opt/hadoop-3.0.3"

export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$HIVE_HOME/lib:$HADOOP_HOME/share/hadoop/common/lib

PATH="$JAVA_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HIVE_HOME/bin:$PATH"

Load ".profile" environment variables:

$ source ~/.profile

$ su - hadoop

$ hadoop fs -mkdir /hive /hive/warehouse
$ hadoop fs -chmod -R 775 /hive
$ hadoop fs -chown -R hive:hadoop /hive

Note: Use this config if you are using PostgreSQL metastore:

$ vi ${HIVE_HOME}/conf/hive-site.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.local</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/hive/warehouse</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>org.postgresql.Driver</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/hivemetastoredb</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>postgres</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
        <value>postgres</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
        <value>10000</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.enable.doAs</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.execution.engine</name>
        <value>mr</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.port</name>
        <value>9083</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>mapreduce.input.fileinputformat.input.dir.recursive</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

Note: If you are using MySQL metastore, then use these MySQL connection properties:

<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
    <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>

<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
    <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hivemetastoredb?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
</property>

<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
    <value>admin</value>
</property>

<property>
    <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
    <value>admin</value>
</property>

Edit file "hive-config.sh" and export "HADOOP_HOME" environment variable.

$ vi ${HIVE_HOME}/bin/hive-config.sh
export HADOOP_HOME="/opt/hadoop-3.0.3"
#export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=${HADOOP_HEAPSIZE:-256}
export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=${HADOOP_HEAPSIZE:-1024}

Create postgresql database "hivemetastoredb".

$ su - postgres

$ createdb -h localhost -p 5432 -U postgres --password hivemetastoredb

Create Hive schema.

$ su - hive

$ ${HIVE_HOME}/bin/schematool -initSchema -dbType postgres

Note: To create Hive metastore database with MySQL:

$ su - hive

$ cd ${HIVE_HOME}/scripts/metastore/upgrade/mysql/

$ mysql -h localhost -u admin -p
mysql> CREATE DATABASE hivemetastoredb;
mysql> CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'hive';
mysql> GRANT all on metastoredb.* to 'hive'@localhost identified by 'hive';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> use hivemetastoredb;
mysql> source hive-schema-3.0.0.mysql.sql;

Execute "hiveserver2":

$ cd ${HIVE_HOME}
$ nohup hiveserver2 &

Execute "hive" to run hiveserver2 service:

$ cd ${HIVE_HOME}
$ nohup hive --service hiveserver2 &

Start HiveServer using custom parameters:

$ cd ${HIVE_HOME}
$ nohup hive --service hiveserver2 --hiveconf hive.server2.thrift.port=10000 --hiveconf hive.root.logger=INFO,console &

Notes:
▸ Hive log files can be found in "/tmp/hive/hive.log"
▸ Hive jetty web app in "/tmp/jetty*"

Hive process info:
▸ Java virtual machine process status tool: jps

▸ Display process info: ps -fp <pid> | less

Ports Used by Hive:

HiveServer2: 10000 (hive.server2.thrift.port)

HiveServer2 Web UI: 10002 (hive.server2.webui.port)

Metastore: 9083

▸ HiveServer web UI: http://localhost:10002

$ hive

Start Hive console using custom parameters:

$ hive -hiveconf hive.root.logger=DEBUG,console

Some hive commands:

hive> create database test;
hive> use test;
hive> show tables;
hive> Analyze table testtable compute statistics;
hive> drop database test cascade;

Using Hive commands from Linux Shell:

$ hive --database test -f test.hql

$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://localhost:8020/hive/warehouse/test

$ hadoop fs -ls hdfs://localhost:8020/tmp/hive

$ hive --database test -e 'show tables'

$ hive --database test -e "Drop TABLE IF EXISTS testtable"

Print Hive help:

$ hive -H
 -d,--define <key=value>          Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. -d A=B or --define A=B
    --database <databasename>     Specify the database to use
 -e <quoted-query-string>         SQL from command line
 -f <filename>                    SQL from files
 -H,--help                              Print help information
    --hiveconf <property=value>   Use value for given property
    --hivevar <key=value>         Variable substitution to apply to Hive commands. e.g. --hivevar A=B
 -i <filename>                    Initialization SQL file
 -S,--silent                            Silent mode in interactive shell
 -v,--verbose                           Verbose mode (echo executed SQL to the console)

See "hive.metastore.port" property setup in "${HIVE_HOME}/conf/hive-site.xml".

Start Hive MetaStore:

$ nohup hive --service metastore &

Hive MetaStore process info:
▸ Java virtual machine process status tool: jps

▸ Display process info: ps -fp <pid> | less

▸ Display process info: ps -aef | grep -i org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaStore

▸ Display process info: lsof -i:9083

▸ Telnet Hive MetaStore server: telnet localhost 9083